Ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 10 - Chủ đề: Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh

Nội dung text: Ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 10 - Chủ đề: Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh

1. TENSES (CÁC THÌ) 1. Thì hiện tại đơn (The Present Simple Tense) a. Cấu trúc (Form) I, We, You, They + Verb (bare-infinitive) He, She, It + Verb + s/es - Động từ chia ở hiện tại (V1). Nếu chủ ngữ ở ngôi 3 số ít, ta phải thêm s hoặc es vào sau động từ. b. Cách dùng (Usage) - Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên. Ex: The sun rises in the East. They live in England. I am a student. - Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại. Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle. I get up early every morning. What do you do every night? - Thì hiện tại đơn còn được dùng để diên tả hành động, sự việc tương lai sẽ xảy ra theo thời gian biểu hoặc chương trình; kế hoạch đã định theo thời gian biểu. Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning. I’ve got the tour details here. We spend three days in Rome. Lưu ý: Ta thêm es sau các động từ tận cùng là: o, s, x, ch, sh. c. Các phó từ thường được dùng chung với thì hiện tại đơn: + often, usually, frequently : thường + always, constantly : luôn luôn + sometimes, occasionally : thỉnh thoảng + seldom, rarely : ít khi, hiếm khi + every day / week/ month : mỗi ngày/ tuần! tháng d. Thể phủ định (Negative form) - Đối với động từ đặc biệt (be, can, may ), ta thêm not ngay sau động từ đó. Ex: He is a good student. He is not/ isn’t a good pupil. My brother can swim. My brother can not/ can’t swim. - Đối với động từ thường, ta dùng trợ động từ do (với các chủ ngữ I, you, we, they) hoặc does (với các chủ ngữ he, she, it) và thêm not sau do/ does. Ex: She likes coffee. She does not/ doesn’t like coffee. They want new clothes. They do not/ don’t want new shoes. e. Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form) 1
2. - Đối với động từ đặc biệt, ta đưa động từ ra đầu câu. Ex: You are tired now. Are you tired now? Peter can drive a car. Can Peter drive a car? - Đối với động từ thường, ta thêm do hoặc does vào đầu câu. (Nhớ đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu). Ex: Her father likes tea. Does her father like tea? They do their homework every day. Do they do their homework every day? 2. Thì hiên tại tiếp diễn (The Present eontinuous Tense) a. Cấu trúc (Form) I + am He, She, It + is + V-ing We, You, They + are b. Cách dùng (Usage) - Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động hay một sự việc đang diễn ra ngay lúc nói. Cách dùng này thường đi kèm với các trạng từ hoặc trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian now, right now, at the moment, at this time, at present. Ex: The children are playing football now. What are you doing at the moment? Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room. - Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động hoặc sự việc nói chung đang diễn ra nhưng không nhất thiết phải thực sự diễn ra ngay lúc nói. Cách dùng này thường đi kèm với now, at the moment, today, this week, this term, this year, Ex: I’m quite busy these days. I’m doing a course at college. The company I work for isn’t doing so well this year. - Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn còn được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra (ở tương lai gần). Cách dùng này thường diễn tả một sự sắp xếp hoặc một kế hoạch đã định. Ex: He is coming next week. My parents are planting trees tomorrow. Lưu ý: Không dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác như: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget, Với các động từ này, ta dùng thì Simple Present. Ex: I am tired now. [NOT am-being] She wants to go for a walk at the moment. [NOt is wanting] Do you understand your lesson? ~ Yes, I understand it now. 3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (The Present Perfect Tense) a. Cấu trúc (Form) 2
3. 282. There is less rain in Tokyo than in Athens in January. More rain 283. A fire destroyed most of the old city of London in the 1600s. The destruction ĐÁP ÁN 1. John suggested that Barry should put (to Barry that he should put) a better lock on door. 2. Despite his two broken legs (both his legs being broken) in the crash, he managed to get out 3. This is the first time I’ve eaten this kind of food. 4. The firemen managed to put the fire out (to put out the fire) after fighting it for 12 hours. 5. Plans for an extension to the house have been drawn by the architect. 6. We saw the house in Stratford on Avon where (in which) Shakespeare was born. 7. You don’t need to finish (don’t have to finish) by Saturday. 8. The journalist wanted to know how many survivors there were (the number of survivors). 9. The meat was so rotten that it had to be thrown away. 10. Professor Van Helsing must (has to) be met at the airport. 11. If you don’t get (haven’t got) a visa, you can’t visit the United States. 12. Peter asked if he could borrow (Janet could lend him) Janet’s (her) typewriter. 13. She has worked as (been working as) (been) a secretary for five years. 14. My French friend isn’t used (accustomed) to driving on the left. 15. The owner of the house is thought to be abroad. 16. If we had had enough money, we would have gone (we could have gone) on holiday. 17. The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming. 18. I wish you had passed (you had managed to pass) (you hadn’t failed) your driving test. 19. I had (got) my car serviced last weeks/ the mechanic. 20. Traveling by air always makes me nervous. 21. The car was too expensive for him (cost more than he could afford) (was so expensive that he couldn’t afford) to buy. 22. He suggested that I should put my luggage under the seat. 23. In spite of having a good salary (getting a good salary) (his good salary), he was unhappy in his job. 24. He objected to his secretary’s coming (the fact that his secretary came) late to work. 25. I wish I hadn’t missed (I had been at) (I had attended) your birthday party. 26. The streets haven’t been cleaned this week. 27. Apples are not usually as expensive as (so expensive as) oranges. 28. You’d better put your money in the bank. 29. It is such a dirty restaurant that no one wants to eat there. 30. John could hardly understand what the teacher said (what his teacher was saying). 31. We can only get into the house if someone has a key. 32. You can’t lock the front door. Here’s the key. 33. He’d rather play golf than tennis. 34. He wishes he had invited Molly to his party. 35. He told me to bring my swimming things in case it was rainy. 36. You don’t need to (have to) talk so loudly. 37. The last time I went to (I was in) Bristol was 3 years ago. 38. This cheque has not been signed (has no signature) (lacks a signature). 39. It’s Jim’s 18th birthday next week. 215
4. 40. If he does not phone immediately, he won’t get any information. 41. When did they buy the house? 42. The broken vase couldn’t be repaired. 43. The garden hasn’t been dug. 44. Is this the cheapest carpet (one) you’ve got? (you have?) 45. These shoes are too small (are not big enough) for my feet. 46. I’m looking forward to meeting you. 47. The security guard told us to keep away from this area when we approached the fence. 48. It’s the first time I’ve ever met such a famous person. 49. You don’t have to (need to) take this pudding out of its tin to cook it. 50. It was too late to do anything (for anything to be done). 51. Please wake me up at 8:00 tomorrow morning. 52. The date of the meeting will have to be changed again. 53. We are going to have (get) the car repaired. 54. The train is quicker (faster) than the bus. (does not take as long as the bus) (takes a shorter time than the bus) 55. It is over six months since John had (got) his hair cut. 56. Maria wishes that she’s been put (they’d put her) in a higher class. 57. I’ll finish the work tonight if you like. (if you wait me to) (shall I?) 58. In case you get hungry you’d better (you should) (you ought to) take some sandwiches. 59. If my husband had left the car keys, I could (would) have picked him up at the station. 60. The snow prevented (stopped) the train from running. made the train stop running made it impossible for the train to run. disrupted the train schedules. 61. It wasn’t early enough to see her. 62. I apologize for being (for having been) rude to you yesterday. for my rudeness to you yesterday. 63. If he’d hurried he would (could) (might) have caught the train. wouldn’t have missed 64. No one in the club is better at tennis (is a better tennis player) than Janet. 65. It’s the first time I’ve seen that man here. 66. The furniture was too expensive for me to buy (expensive so I didn’t buy it) 67. The bank manager was made (was forced) to hand over the money. 68. He has been able to drive (been driving) since he was 18. 69. She was unhappier than she had ever been before. 70. Bill doubted whether (if) (that) John could come. 71. Our dog bit the postman. 72. The fog prevented us from driving. 73. In spite of the fact that his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car the fact that he had a broken leg the fact that he had broken his leg 216
5. his broken leg having a broken leg having broken his leg his leg being broken 74. It was such a hard cake that I could not eat it. impossible to eat the cake because it was so hard. 75. If it hadn’t been raining (rained), we’d have gone (we could have gone). 76. My mother cooks better than me (I do) (I can). is a better cook than me (I am). 77. Do you happen to have change for a pound? 78. He didn’t win (manage to win) (succeed in winning) the race. 79. It’s hours since Mary rang. 80. I wish I had finished my homework last night. 81. ‘How do you like my new dress?’ she asked John. ‘How do you like my new dress, John?’ she asked. 82. There is an eight o’clock train every morning. 83. It can’t be denied that she has a beautiful voice. 84. Do you mind helping me to put the chairs away? 85. Unless someone sends/or a doctor (a doctor is sent for), the child will die. 86. He’d rather you paid him immediately. 87. The water was not warm enough for the children to swim. 88. She had her car repaired yesterday. 89. You’ve got (have) to see the manager tomorrow morning. 90. Every time we rang there wasn’t any answer (there was no answer). 91. Don’t call him by such an insulting name. 92. ‘Which one do you want the blue (one) or the green (one)?’ John asked. 93. She thought Rome was even worse than Paris. 94. So long as you arrive before eleven I can meet you. 95. All the prisoners will have been (will be) caught again by tonight. 96. I’ve warned you about your going near that dog. 97. I’d rather you didn’t tell him. 98. I suggest that you should ask her yourself. 99. You’ll need an up-to-date Visa for Andorra. 100. The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before. 101. John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money. 102. I’ve been working for the company (with the company) for a year (since last year). 103. If Susan hadn’t eaten 4 cream cakes, she wouldn’t have been sick. 104. I must get (have) my suit cleaned before the interview. 105.William accused her (Amanda) of stealing (of having stolen) his best cassette. 106.The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing (stopped the ferry sailing). 107. Don’t sign the delivery note before checking (before having checked) (without having checked) for damage. 108. It’s impossible to grow roses (for roses to be grown) in such poor ground. 109. In case your car breaks down on the rough mountain road, take plenty of spare parts. 110. Margaret accused John of damaging her bicycle. 217
6. him of having damaged 111. D.H. Lawrence, the famous novelist, was born 100 years ago. 112. John Speke didn’t succeed in finding the source of the River Nile. 113. Maria wishes she had applied for the job in the library. 114. Helen said ‘Shirly, where do you get your hair done (have your hair cut)?’ 115. This is such old furniture that, it’s not worth keeping. 116. It’s difficult for handicapped people to go shopping (to do their shopping). 117. I suggest (that) you (should) have a meeting to discuss to pay offer. 118. If the patient hadn’t followed (been given) this treatment, he would have died. 119. In spite of his not speaking Dutch Bob decided to settle in Amsterdam. the fact that he didn’t speak Dutch being unable to speak Dutch 120. People say that he was in the French Foreign Legion. 121. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley how old her little boy was. her little boy’s age what her little boy’s age was 122. It can’t have been Mrs. Elton you saw because she’s in Bristol. 123. When did Catherine and Henry become (get) engaged? 124. Although he’s quite old he runs 7 miles before breakfast. not a young man is an old man is no longer young 125. I wish I had taken / followed (hadn’t ignored) my doctor’s advice. 126. The bread isn’t fresh enough to eat (to be eaten). 127. Whose bag is this? (is this bag?) 128. My father told me never to (that I ought never to) (that I should never) (that I must never) borrow money from friends. 129. If the train-driver had not ignored (had taken notice of) a warning light, the accident wouldn’t have happened. 130. The lions are (get) fed at 3 p.m every day. 131. If we had had a map, we wouldn’t have got lost. 132. Mr. Smith asked me where the station car park was. 133. I’d rather you delivered the sofa (had the sofa delivered) on Friday. 134. He regretted not saying (not having said) good-bye to her at the airport. 135. That old typewriter is not worth being repaired. 136. It was such a low bridge that the bus couldn’t go under it. 137. I haven’t seen him since I was a student. 138. What a silly thing to say! 139. There is no more tea (is no tea left) (isn’t anymore tea) (isn’t any tea left). 140. Philippa said ‘Olive, where did you put the camera?’ do you remember where you (have) put can you remember where you put 141. It takes six hours to drive from London to Edingburgh. 142. All the switches must be turned off before leaving the workshop. 218
7. are to be turned off have got to be turned off 143. Alan has not visited his parents for ages. 144. Mrs. Taylor wishes that she did not live (were not living) in such a small house/ that she lived in a big house. 145. If Mr. Will had not been late (had arrived on time) (had not arrived late), he would not have lost his job. 146. James didn’t sign the contract until (till) he had spoken to his lawyer. 147. After they had traveled across India, they flew on to Japan. 148. Henry suggested Anna (to Anna that) she should go (she’d better go) to the doctor. 149. The youth was made to empty his pocket. 150. Joans eats very little because she’s anxious about putting on weight. she doesn’t want to put on weight. she’s worried about becoming fat. 151. When the goods arrive in/ at (are delivered to at) (have been delivered to at) the shop, they are inspected carefully. 152. Lawrence last saw his sister when she left for (before she went to) (on her departure for) Japan. 153. If John ate less chips, he wouldn’t be so fat. (didn’t eat so many) would be less fat (ate fewer) would be thinner would be slimmer 154. Peter said ‘I’m not feeling well’ (I don’t feel well) (‘I feel sick’) 155. The doctor advised Mr. Robert to take (to do) more exercises if he wanted to lose weight. 156. Jane is interested in (keen on) (fond of) collecting dolls from foreign countries. 157. George used to be much (far) (a lot) more energetic than he is now (at present). 158. Unless Joe (he) changes his ways, he will end up in prison. 159. Jim wondered if (whether) he would ever (was ever going to) find a job. 160. In case you should get lost in those mountains, you’d better take a map. 161. A thermometer is something which is used for measuring (a thing which is used to measure) temperature. 162. You didn’t forget to post the letter, did you? 163. I had the washing machine (my washing machine) repaired (mended) by Mr. Dryden./ I had Mr Dryden repair the washing machine. 164. No one in the class is (in her class is) as tall as (so tall as) (taller than) Pat is. 165. You can only get (receive) (obtain) the 40% discount if you buy all 12 books at the same time. 166. Samuel has kept (been keeping) a diary for 5 years. 167. I’d rather you did not smoke in the kitchen. 168. Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number. 169. Sally was given a microcomputer for her birthday by her parents. by her parents for her birthday. 170. The news was so bad that Helen burst into tears (it made her burst into tears). 171. When did you last see Mary? (When was the last time that you saw Mary?) 172. Unless he works harder, he’ll lose his job. 219
8. 173. India is the country I’d like to visit most. 174. Alan wishes he had never asked (not asked) Arthur to lend him 20$. 175. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was (his holiday began). 176. It took three and a half hours to fly (to get) to Moscow by air. 177. There are more than a thousand employees in the factory where I work. 178. Belinda went to the party even though she felt (although she felt) (in spite of feeling) (despite feeling) depressed. 179. Mr. Hill’s students are taught how to understand (to distinguish) diffierent English accents. 180. The film was such a boring one (was so boring that) (bored us so much) that we left before the end (did not stay until the end). 181. It’s four years since Robert and Catherine (they) got (were) married. 182. If Elizabeth hadn’t started (begun) smoking cigarettes, she wouldn’t have had a bad cough. 183. Ann asked her mother if (whether) she could have a new bicycle. 184. It’s not my fault if (that) the tin-opener is broken (has been broken). 185. In spite of his bad cold (a bad cold) (his suffering from a bad cold), William still went to work. 186. Mike doesn’t play tennis as well as (so well as) Barbara does. 187. Who does this suitcase belong to? 188. It is a 2 hour train journey from London to Bristol. 189. Was the garage built at the same time as the house? 190. Nobody who was at the meeting will say anything to the Press. 191. We were not able to have our picnic because of the heavy rain. prevented from having our picnic due to the heavy rain. 192. If Joan doesn’t find a good job before September, she will stay on at school. 193. I’d rather not go out tonight. 194. It wasn’t until Shirly was 8 she began (started) to read (reading). 195. The last time that Lucy wore that dress was at Barbara’s wedding (when Barbara got married). 196. Why don’t we go abroad for our holiday this year? 197. He speaks so slowly that his students get very bored. 198. By the age of 20 Makengie (he) had written 4 best sellers. 199. William’s mother told her son not to leave the house before (until) she got back. 200. I don’t want (wish) (have any desire) to see him tomorrow. 201. Everybody was astonished at (by) Alice’s strange ideas. 202. You shouldn’t have (left) the windows open last night. 203. Unless you keep your feet dry, you will catch (get) a cold. 204. I think (reckon) (expect) that it will (may) (might) (is going likely to) rain. 205. I have never tasted (eaten) such a delicious cake in my life. 206. No one who was there noticed anything unusual. 207. It is 2 years since she left university. 208. The gate is closed so that the children can’t run into the road. 209. Henry wishes that he hadn’t bought a second-hand car. 210. Amanda finally succeeded in getting a job. 211. That old house at the end of the road has been sold. 212. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to bite (to stop biting) his nails. 213. Charles doesn’t live too far from his aunt’s house. 214. I certainly won’t go (will never go) to that restaurant again. 220
9. 215. The beach was so dirty (such a dirty place) that I decided not to stay. 216. You don’t have to finish the work today. 217. I’d rather not eat (have) my lunch yet. 218. Sebastian has been (worked) (been working), as a television presenter for 5 years. 219. What an excellent meal! 220. George told Mary (that) he had seen this film 3 times. 221. I’d rather not visit the museum. 222. If John’s car had not broken down, he wouldn’t have missed to catch (would have caught) the ferry. 223. Robert can’t cook as (so) well as Jane can (does). 224. Customers are requested not to smoke in this area of the restaurant. 225. Martin apologized to Angela for damaging (having damaged) her car. 226. In spite of taking (having taken) (the fact that Bill had taken) a taxi, he arrived late for the concert. 227. Carol has no trouble (problem) (difficulty) in making friends. 228. Mark is not old enough to see the horror film. 229. Who do these documents belong to? 230. The landlady asked me if (whether) I had had (eaten) enough food for lunch. 231. If we don’t leave the party now, we won’t (won’t be able to) catch the last train. 232. Alice is responsible for looking after the new staff. 233. When were you born? 234. John was unable to And the right house. 235. My insurance form should (ought to) have been signed by the doctor. 236. The joke which (that) I told him made him laugh. 237. Jenny used to play tennis better than now (than she does now). 238. The door was too heavy for the child to push open (to open). 239. You’d better apologize her. 240. Be careful or otherwise you will (might) (could) have a fall. 241. That car belongs to Mrs. Edwards. 242. According to the station clock, it was half past ten. 243. The wallet that (which) Henry had found (found by Henry) had no name in it. 244. Ronald said that he hadn’t stolen Mrs. Clark’s handbag. 245. Susan doesn’t like staying in hotels as much as she does (enjoys) (likes) camping. 246. The fridge was too heavy for us to move. 247. Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address. 248. It was the prettiest flower display that (which) the judges had ever seen. 249. His father is not as tall as his mother. 250. Neither Tom nor Ann came to the party. 251. She’s liked by everyone. 252. In spite of the bad traffic, I arrived on time. 253. Having a car enables you to travel around more easily. 254. The sudden noise made me jump. 255. She wouldn’t let me read the letter. 256. My father allowed me to use his car. 257. Tom has been ill for 3 days. 258. I wish I could give up smoking. 259. Before going to bed, Tom had a hot drink. 260. They often write to each other. 221
10. 261. Unless you hurry, you’ll be late. 262. Because of the bad weather, they postponed the match. 263. Mary is not old enough to get married. 264. I’d rather not go to the museum. 265. I’d rather you cooked the dinner now. 266. She worked so hard that she made herself ill. 267. This problem can be solved. 268. The man who was injured in the accident was taken to hospital. 269. What a beautiful girl! 270. Tom is too young to drive a car. 271. He is said to be 108 years old. 272. It was very stupid of her to go out without a coat. 273. More and more pollution is being produced by that factory. 274. She drives faster and more carelessly than me (I do). 275. I must have my shoes cleaned before the interview. 276. It took us five hours to get to London. 277. You needn’t shout. 278. On arriving in Canberra, I wrote a letter home. 279. Never have I seen such a mess in my life. 280. It’s no use trying to escape. 281. Thousands of tons of rubbish are thrown into the forest. 282. More rain falls in Athens than in Tokyo in January. 283. The destruction of most of the old City of London was made by a fire in the 1600s. 222